Google is currently working on a strategy which may include challenging the two orders by the Competition Commission of India<\/a> (CCI<\/a>), they added. The verdicts may hurt the developer base in the country since it would have to develop apps with different specifications for different app stores.
“The CCI ruling is very concerning, not just for the security risks that come with sideloading (of apps) but also the risk that the order makes vis-à-vis forked versions of Android,” one of the people said.
Sideloading refers to downloading of apps outside of app stores using the APK file. Google has put in place a structure where the open-source ecosystem has a baseline level of compatibility which lowers costs for developers to get their apps out on Google Play Store.
“If it now has to enable forked version of Android, we're actually going back to the early 2000s world where the ecosystem was super fragmented and developers are priced out of building apps for the ecosystem because there are so many different versions that they have to build for,” the person added. This kind of ecosystem will end up like what is currently seen in China, wherein there are various Android forks, and the ecosystem is vastly fragmented, with several “tons of user vulnerabilities with security” because there is no central place where users are protected.
“There’s no compatibility (in China),” the person said. “There's no security to ensure that when users are downloading and engaging with apps, there’s some baseline security. That's what Google is worried about when it comes to what has been asked of them to do in the CCI ruling and is trying to figure out how best to respond to that.”
Google was not immediately available for comment.
Also read | 10,000 pages, a team of IIT professors & a Rs 1,300-crore fine for Google<\/a>
<\/strong>
On October 20, CCI imposed a fine of 1,337.76 crore<\/a> on the search giant for abuse of its dominant position in multiple markets through the Android OS. Five days later, it imposed a further penalty of 936.44 crore<\/a> for flouting multiple provisions of the Competition Act, such as making its in-house payment and billing system mandatory for paid apps and in-app purchases on its Play Store.
CCI in its order also asked Google to allow listing of other app stores on the Play Store and not place any restrictions on sideloading, including showing warnings to users. The competition watchdog also asked Google to not deny developers of Android forks access to Play Services<\/a> APIs.
If a television is one fork, a phone another and a pair of speakers is a third fork, there is no guarantee that they will be able to talk to each other, the person quoted earlier said. As India increasingly gets into the internet<\/a> of things, industry executives said incompatibility will be a challenge.
“The CCI order places the onus of interoperability on Google,” another person said. “It has asked Google to make all its apps interoperable for all forks, but the same expectation is not on the makers of these forks – (that) there should be seamless communication between each of them.”
The industry, especially the startup ecosystem, has welcomed the orders, arguing that it will help the domestic players.
“The ill-effects of being beholden to tech\/media\/search\/maps\/OS\/app store platforms being controlled by foreign countries\/companies should be obvious,” said Rohan Verma, CEO of MapmyIndia, which competes with Google Maps<\/a>. “Calculations show that India has easily lost $200-$300 billion directly and indirectly probably another $200-$300 billion due to its indigenous ecosystem being suppressed by anti-competitive activities as detailed very comprehensively and accurately by CCI.”
The CCI verdicts have come at a time when Google is embroiled in similar investigations by the United States, the European Union<\/a>, Germany and Japan.
On whether Google would be concerned about other regulators taking a similar stance, sources told ET that the CCI ruling was “so extreme” that they do not expect other regulators to follow suit.
“Other regulators have looked at the same questions and they didn't go this far (in terms of restrictions),” another person said. “Other regulators will look at this and think that this creates more problems than it solves. It introduces more issues than it solves, but it does create serious issues for Indian users. Since India is an important market for Google, the company will do their best to comply.”
The company will also try to have a dialogue with the new CCI chief when the person is appointed, to assuage some of its concerns, the person added.
ET reported earlier this month<\/a> how antitrust regulators in Australia as well as Germany were among those “following recent action by the Competition Commission of India against Google,” signalling increased global attention in policy rulings that challenge the dominance of large technology corporations by India, the world's largest data market.
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谷歌标记为“优先级”的判决印度反垄断监管机构,其Android操作系统滥用其主导地位,人们意识到这件事告诉ET,这个国家最大的市场美国搜索巨头之一。
谷歌目前正在一个策略可能包括挑战这两个订单的印度竞争委员会(CCI),他们补充道。判决可能损害开发者基地在中国,因为它必须与不同的规格不同的应用商店发展应用。
“CCI裁决非常有关,而不是与侧向卸载的安全风险(的应用),但也的风险订单让面对分叉的版本的Android,”一位知情人士说。
侧面加载是指下载的应用程序使用的APK文件之外的应用程序商店。谷歌已经到位开源生态系统的结构有一个基本水平的兼容性降低开发商的成本,将他们的应用程序在谷歌商店。
“如果它现在必须启用版本的Android系统,我们会回到2000年代初世界生态系统非常分散,开发商的定价为生态系统构建的应用程序,因为有很多不同的版本,他们已经建立了,”这个人说。这种生态系统最终会像目前在中国看到,里面有各种各样的Android叉子,生态系统是大大分散,与几家“吨用户漏洞与安全”,因为没有中央用户受保护的地方。
“没有兼容性(在中国),”这位人士说。“没有安全保证当用户下载和与应用程序,有一些基线安全。这就是谷歌担心时,一直在问他们做什么CCI执政并试图找出如何最好地应对。”
谷歌没有立即对此事发表评论。
也读|10000页,IIT教授团队与谷歌的价值1300卢比的罚款
10月20日CCI的罚款1337点卢比滥用其优势地位的搜索巨头通过Android操作系统在多个市场。五天后,它对进一步罚款936.44卢比无视多个竞争法的规定,使其内部付款和计费系统等强制性的付费应用程序和应用程序内购买游戏商店。
CCI的秩序还要求谷歌允许清单上的其他应用程序商店玩商店,没有地方限制侧向卸载,包括显示警告用户。竞争监管机构还要求谷歌Android叉不否认的开发人员访问权游戏服务api。
如果一个叉,电视电话另一个和一对扬声器是第三个叉,并不能保证他们能够相互交谈,这个人早些时候援引说。随着印度越来越多的进入互联网的事情,业内高管表示不兼容将是一个挑战。
“CCI顺序互操作性的责任在谷歌的地方,”另一个人说。“它已经要求谷歌所有的应用程序可互操作的叉子,但同样的期望不是这些叉子——()的制造商应该有每个人之间的无缝沟通。”
行业,尤其是创业生态系统,欢迎订单,认为这将有助于国内球员。
”的不良后果受制于科技/媒体/搜索/地图/操作系统/应用商店平台被外国控制/公司应该是显而易见的,”罗翰Verma说MapmyIndia的CEO,相竞争谷歌地图。“计算表明,印度很容易损失了200美元- 3000亿美元可能直接或间接的另外200美元- 3000亿美元由于其本土生态系统被抑制反竞争活动详细的非常全面和准确地通过CCI。”
CCI的判决已经在谷歌卷入类似的调查由美国,欧盟,德国和日本。
在谷歌是否会关心其他监管机构采取类似立场,消息人士告诉ET CCI裁决是“极端”,他们不希望其他监管机构效仿。
“其他监管机构看着同样的问题,他们没有去这么远(的限制),”另一个人说。“其他监管机构将看这个,觉得这创造更多的问题比它解决的。它引入了更多的问题比它解决的,但它确实为印度用户造成严重的问题。印度是谷歌的一个重要市场以来,公司会尽力遵守。”
该公司还将尝试有一个对话与新CCI首席当人任命,以减轻它的一些问题,这个人补充说。
等这个月早些时候报道的那样在澳大利亚和德国反垄断监管机构是如何在“后印度的竞争委员会对谷歌最近的行动,“信号增加全球关注的政策规定,大型科技公司的主导地位的挑战印度,世界上最大的市场数据。
谷歌目前正在一个策略可能包括挑战这两个订单的印度竞争委员会(CCI),他们补充道。判决可能损害开发者基地在中国,因为它必须与不同的规格不同的应用商店发展应用。
“CCI裁决非常有关,而不是与侧向卸载的安全风险(的应用),但也的风险订单让面对分叉的版本的Android,”一位知情人士说。
侧面加载是指下载的应用程序使用的APK文件之外的应用程序商店。谷歌已经到位开源生态系统的结构有一个基本水平的兼容性降低开发商的成本,将他们的应用程序在谷歌商店。
“如果它现在必须启用版本的Android系统,我们会回到2000年代初世界生态系统非常分散,开发商的定价为生态系统构建的应用程序,因为有很多不同的版本,他们已经建立了,”这个人说。这种生态系统最终会像目前在中国看到,里面有各种各样的Android叉子,生态系统是大大分散,与几家“吨用户漏洞与安全”,因为没有中央用户受保护的地方。
“没有兼容性(在中国),”这位人士说。“没有安全保证当用户下载和与应用程序,有一些基线安全。这就是谷歌担心时,一直在问他们做什么CCI执政并试图找出如何最好地应对。”
谷歌没有立即对此事发表评论。
也读|10000页,IIT教授团队与谷歌的价值1300卢比的罚款
10月20日CCI的罚款1337点卢比滥用其优势地位的搜索巨头通过Android操作系统在多个市场。五天后,它对进一步罚款936.44卢比无视多个竞争法的规定,使其内部付款和计费系统等强制性的付费应用程序和应用程序内购买游戏商店。
CCI的秩序还要求谷歌允许清单上的其他应用程序商店玩商店,没有地方限制侧向卸载,包括显示警告用户。竞争监管机构还要求谷歌Android叉不否认的开发人员访问权游戏服务api。
如果一个叉,电视电话另一个和一对扬声器是第三个叉,并不能保证他们能够相互交谈,这个人早些时候援引说。随着印度越来越多的进入互联网的事情,业内高管表示不兼容将是一个挑战。
“CCI顺序互操作性的责任在谷歌的地方,”另一个人说。“它已经要求谷歌所有的应用程序可互操作的叉子,但同样的期望不是这些叉子——()的制造商应该有每个人之间的无缝沟通。”
行业,尤其是创业生态系统,欢迎订单,认为这将有助于国内球员。
”的不良后果受制于科技/媒体/搜索/地图/操作系统/应用商店平台被外国控制/公司应该是显而易见的,”罗翰Verma说MapmyIndia的CEO,相竞争谷歌地图。“计算表明,印度很容易损失了200美元- 3000亿美元可能直接或间接的另外200美元- 3000亿美元由于其本土生态系统被抑制反竞争活动详细的非常全面和准确地通过CCI。”
CCI的判决已经在谷歌卷入类似的调查由美国,欧盟,德国和日本。
在谷歌是否会关心其他监管机构采取类似立场,消息人士告诉ET CCI裁决是“极端”,他们不希望其他监管机构效仿。
“其他监管机构看着同样的问题,他们没有去这么远(的限制),”另一个人说。“其他监管机构将看这个,觉得这创造更多的问题比它解决的。它引入了更多的问题比它解决的,但它确实为印度用户造成严重的问题。印度是谷歌的一个重要市场以来,公司会尽力遵守。”
该公司还将尝试有一个对话与新CCI首席当人任命,以减轻它的一些问题,这个人补充说。
等这个月早些时候报道的那样在澳大利亚和德国反垄断监管机构是如何在“后印度的竞争委员会对谷歌最近的行动,“信号增加全球关注的政策规定,大型科技公司的主导地位的挑战印度,世界上最大的市场数据。
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