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从间谍卫星到移动网络，韩国希望新火箭能让太空计划成功
如果一切顺利，由韩国航空宇宙研究院(KARI)设计的三级火箭“NURI”将于24日搭载模拟卫星进入太空。该火箭最终将1.5吨重的有效载荷送入距离地球600 ~ 800公里的轨道。
作者:乔什·史密斯
首尔:韩国计划下周测试首个国产太空运载火箭，这是启动该国太空计划和实现6G网络宏伟目标的重要一步。间谍卫星，甚至月球探测器。
如果一切顺利，三级NURI火箭，由韩国航空宇宙研究院KARI最终将把1.5吨的有效载荷送入地球上空600至800公里的轨道，并将于周四将一颗虚拟卫星送入太空。
KARI发射装置可靠性安全质量保证科科长韩相烨(音)表示:“KSLV-II NURI拥有韩国火箭技术，是韩国第一个国产运载火箭。”
“拥有自己的运载火箭可以让一个国家在有效载荷类型和发射时间表上具有灵活性，”他在一封电子邮件中告诉路透社。
军民利益
韩说，这也使该国对可能想要送入轨道的“机密有效载荷”有了更多的控制权。
这对韩国将监视卫星送入轨道的计划至关重要。国家安全官员称，这是一个监视朝鲜的“不眨眼的眼睛”星座。
到目前为止，韩国在其北方邻国的卫星情报方面几乎完全依赖美国。
2020年，来自美国公司的猎鹰9号火箭空间X从佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心将韩国第一颗专用军用通信卫星送入轨道。
NURI也是韩国计划最终建立韩国卫星导航系统和6G通信网络的关键。
韩国正在与美国合作研制月球轨道飞行器，并希望在2030年之前将探测器送上月球。
试验发射
考虑到之前发射的问题，韩寒和其他计划人员表示，他们已经做好了最坏的打算。
如果出现天气或技术问题，发射日期可能会在最后一刻改变;该航天器将携带一个自毁机制，如果它似乎无法到达轨道就会被摧毁;媒体也不被允许直接观察这次测试。
在火箭被认为足够可靠，能够携带真正的有效载荷之前，计划至少进行四次试射。
根据发射前的简报幻灯片，火箭的计划路线将从朝鲜半岛南部海岸的发射场向东南方向飞行，沿着旨在避免飞越日本、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和其他主要陆地的轨道穿过海洋。
“无论发射成功与否，这次即将到来的发射可能会作为韩国火箭历史上的希望和成就而被铭记，”韩告诉路透社。
敏感技术
朝鲜半岛的太空火箭一直令人担忧其可能被用于军事目的，这使得韩国的努力落后于中国和日本更有能力的项目。
他说:“由于长期存在的政治问题，韩国的现代火箭无法在火箭研发上投入太多的能力。”
美国认为朝鲜自己的卫星运载火箭是装有核弹头的洲际弹道导弹技术的试验台。朝鲜2012年的一次太空发射导致了与美国的一项协议破裂。
美国海军研究生院太空系统专家詹姆斯·克莱·莫尔茨(James Clay Moltz)说:“朝鲜当然不会看好韩国迅速发展的太空能力，韩国在技术上比朝鲜先进得多。”
韩国进军太空的同时，在今年与美国达成协议，结束对其的所有双边限制后，韩国加快了自己的军用弹道导弹系统的发展。
韩国航空航天大学(Korea Aerospace University)导弹专家张永根(Chang Young-keun)表示:“NURI运载火箭的开发不存在军事应用方面的担忧。”他补充说，与液体燃料的NURI不同，韩国的军用导弹使用固体燃料，这对武器来说更好。
莫尔茨说，韩国不被俄罗斯或中国视为“威胁”，因此似乎不太可能影响他们已经高度军事化的太空计划。
他说，“许多太空发射技术本质上都是军民两用的，”但他指出，他希望NURI的发展“不会导致太空军备竞赛，而是一场更安全的‘信息竞赛’”，韩国有更好的情报来阻止未来的任何危机。
![\"](\"https:\/\/st.etb2bimg.com\/Themes\/Release\/images\/responsive\/ettelecom-default.jpg\")
By Josh Smith<\/strong>
SEOUL: South Korea plans to test its first domestically produced space launch vehicle next week, a major step toward jumpstarting the country's space programme and achieving ambitious goals in 6G networks, spy satellites<\/a>, and even lunar probes.
If all goes well, the three-stage NURI rocket, designed by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute<\/a> (KARI) to eventually put 1.5-ton payloads into orbit 600 to 800km above the Earth, will carry a dummy satellite into space on Thursday.
<\/div><\/div>South Korea's last such booster, launched in 2013 after multiple delays and several failed tests, was jointly developed with Russia.
The new KSLV-II NURI has solely Korean rocket technologies, and is the country's first domestically built space launch vehicle, said Han Sang-yeop, director of KARI's Launcher Reliability Safety Quality Assurance Division.
\"Having its own launch vehicle gives a country the flexibility of payload types and launch schedule,\" he told Reuters in an email.
MILITARY AND CIVILIAN BENEFITS<\/strong>
It also gives the country more control over \"confidential payloads\" it may want to send into orbit, Han said.
That will be important for South Korea's plans to launch surveillance satellites into orbit, in what national security officials have called a constellation of \"unblinking eyes\" to monitor North Korea.
So far, South Korea has remained almost totally reliant on the United States for satellite intelligence on its northern neighbour.
In 2020 a Falcon 9 rocket from the U.S. firm Space X<\/a> carried South Korea's first dedicated military communications satellite into orbit from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
NURI is also key to South Korean plans to eventually build a Korean satellite-based navigation system and a 6G communications network.
The new KSLV-II NURI has solely Korean rocket technologies, and is the country's first domestically built space launch vehicle, said Han Sang-yeop, director of KARI's Launcher Reliability Safety Quality Assurance Division.
\"Having its own launch vehicle gives a country the flexibility of payload types and launch schedule,\" he told Reuters in an email.
MILITARY AND CIVILIAN BENEFITS<\/strong>
It also gives the country more control over \"confidential payloads\" it may want to send into orbit, Han said.
That will be important for South Korea's plans to launch surveillance satellites into orbit, in what national security officials have called a constellation of \"unblinking eyes\" to monitor North Korea.
So far, South Korea has remained almost totally reliant on the United States for satellite intelligence on its northern neighbour.
In 2020 a Falcon 9 rocket from the U.S. firm Space X<\/a> carried South Korea's first dedicated military communications satellite into orbit from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
NURI is also key to South Korean plans to eventually build a Korean satellite-based navigation system and a 6G communications network.
<\/div><\/div>\"The program is designed not only to support government projects, but also commercial activity,\" Oh Seung-hyub, director of the Launcher Propulsion System Development Division, told a briefing on Tuesday.
South Korea is working with the United States on a lunar orbiter, and hopes to land a probe on the moon by 2030.
TRIAL LAUNCH<\/strong>
Given problems with previous launches, Han and other planners said they have prepared for the worst.
The launch day may be changed at the last minute if weather or technical problems arise; the craft will carry a self-destruct mechanism to destroy it if it appears it won't reach orbit; and media won't be allowed to observe the test directly.
At least four test launches are planned before the rocket will be considered reliable enough to carry a real payload.
According to pre-launch briefing slides, the rocket's planned path will take it southeast from its launch site on the south coast of the Korean peninsula, threading its way over the ocean on a trajectory aimed at avoiding flying over Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other major land masses.
\"This upcoming launch may be remembered as the hope and achievement of Korean rocketry historically no matter the launch is successful or not,\" Han told Reuters.
SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGY<\/strong>
Space rockets on the Korean peninsula have been fraught with concerns over their potential use for military purposes, leaving South Korea's efforts lagging more capable programmes in China and Japan.
\"Modern rocketry in Korea couldn't devote its capability much in R&D of rockets because of long-standing political issues,\" Han said.
The United States has viewed North Korea's own satellite launch vehicles as testbeds for nuclear-tipped intercontinental ballistic missile technology. A North Korean space launch in 2012 helped lead to the breakdown of a deal with the United States.
\"North Korea, of course, will not look favourably on South Korea's rapidly advancing space capabilities, which are far more technologically advanced than those possessed by the North,\" said James Clay Moltz, a space systems expert at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School.
South Korea's push into space comes as it speeds ahead with its own military ballistic missile systems after agreeing with the United States this year to end all bilateral restrictions on them.
\"There is no concern on military applications in NURI launch vehicle development,\" said Chang Young-keun, a missile expert at the Korea Aerospace University. Unlike the liquid-fuelled NURI, South Korea's military missiles use solid fuel, which is better for weapons, he added.
South Korea is not seen as a \"threat\" by either Russia or China, so it seems unlikely to affect their space programs, which are already highly militarized, Moltz said.
\"Many space launch technologies are inherently dual-use,\" he said, but noted that he hopes NURI's development will \"not lead to an arms race in space, but instead a safer 'information race'\" where South Korea has better intelligence to head off any future crisis.
<\/div><\/div>
South Korea is working with the United States on a lunar orbiter, and hopes to land a probe on the moon by 2030.
TRIAL LAUNCH<\/strong>
Given problems with previous launches, Han and other planners said they have prepared for the worst.
The launch day may be changed at the last minute if weather or technical problems arise; the craft will carry a self-destruct mechanism to destroy it if it appears it won't reach orbit; and media won't be allowed to observe the test directly.
At least four test launches are planned before the rocket will be considered reliable enough to carry a real payload.
According to pre-launch briefing slides, the rocket's planned path will take it southeast from its launch site on the south coast of the Korean peninsula, threading its way over the ocean on a trajectory aimed at avoiding flying over Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other major land masses.
\"This upcoming launch may be remembered as the hope and achievement of Korean rocketry historically no matter the launch is successful or not,\" Han told Reuters.
SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGY<\/strong>
Space rockets on the Korean peninsula have been fraught with concerns over their potential use for military purposes, leaving South Korea's efforts lagging more capable programmes in China and Japan.
\"Modern rocketry in Korea couldn't devote its capability much in R&D of rockets because of long-standing political issues,\" Han said.
The United States has viewed North Korea's own satellite launch vehicles as testbeds for nuclear-tipped intercontinental ballistic missile technology. A North Korean space launch in 2012 helped lead to the breakdown of a deal with the United States.
\"North Korea, of course, will not look favourably on South Korea's rapidly advancing space capabilities, which are far more technologically advanced than those possessed by the North,\" said James Clay Moltz, a space systems expert at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School.
South Korea's push into space comes as it speeds ahead with its own military ballistic missile systems after agreeing with the United States this year to end all bilateral restrictions on them.
\"There is no concern on military applications in NURI launch vehicle development,\" said Chang Young-keun, a missile expert at the Korea Aerospace University. Unlike the liquid-fuelled NURI, South Korea's military missiles use solid fuel, which is better for weapons, he added.
South Korea is not seen as a \"threat\" by either Russia or China, so it seems unlikely to affect their space programs, which are already highly militarized, Moltz said.
\"Many space launch technologies are inherently dual-use,\" he said, but noted that he hopes NURI's development will \"not lead to an arms race in space, but instead a safer 'information race'\" where South Korea has better intelligence to head off any future crisis.
<\/div><\/div>
Follow and connect with us on Twitter<\/a>, Facebook<\/a>, Linkedin<\/a>, Youtube<\/a><\/div>","NumberOfSentences":{"minfo":"27.0","minfoseo":"27-0"},"AutomatedReadabilityIndex":{"minfo":"14.0","minfoseo":"14-0"},"LastPublishMilliTime":{"minfo":"1634279948484","minfoseo":"1634279948484"},"ReadabilityGradeLevel":{"minfo":"College","minfoseo":"college"},"HashCode":{"minfo":"1820501999","minfoseo":"1820501999"},"latestnewsflag":{"minfo":"1.0","minfoseo":"1-0"},"NumberOfCharacters":{"minfo":"4857.0","minfoseo":"4857-0"},"NumberOfWords":{"minfo":"757.0","minfoseo":"757-0"},"key":{"0":{"keyid":"1738182","value":"spy satellites","smid":"0","keynameseo":"spy-satellites","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"100"},"1":{"keyid":"1607345","value":"space x","smid":"0","keynameseo":"space-x","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"2":{"keyid":"12316498","value":"South Korea space 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